Izisetshenziswa Ezintsha Zokuhlanza Indle Yasekhaya
Izici zendle yasemaphandleni yasemaphandleni zihlanganisa amanzi okupheka asekhishini, ukugeza, amanzi okugeza, namanzi okugeza endlini yangasese.Le mithombo yamanzi ihlakazekile futhi azikho izindawo zokuqoqa ezindaweni zasemakhaya.Ngokuguguleka kwamanzi emvula, agelezela emanzini angaphezulu, amanzi enhlabathi, nasezindaweni zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba njengemifula, amachibi, imisele, amachibi namadamu.Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo kuyisici esiyinhloko.
Idinga ukuthi zonke izinkomba zokukhucululwa kwendle ngemva kokwelashwa zihlangabezane ne "Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard" GB8978-1996;Izindinganiso zezinga lokuqala ze.Ngemva kokuba okokusebenza kusetshenziswe, kunganciphisa ukuchithwa kwendle, kunciphise ngempumelelo ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, futhi kusebenzise ngokugcwele imithombo yamanzi ukuze kuzuzwe i-zero discharge.
Izimiso zokuklama zemishini emisha yokuhlanza indle yasekhaya yasemaphandleni:
1. Ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke eziyisisekelo mayelana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, nokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezifanele zikazwelonke nezendawo, izimiso, izinkambiso, kanye namazinga;
2. Ngokwesisekelo sokuthi amanzi angcolile ahlangabezana nezidingo zokwelashwa, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokonga utshalomali futhi kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele izinzuzo zezenhlalo, ezomnotho, kanye nezemvelo zamaphrojekthi wokukhuculula indle;
3. Khetha inqubo yokucubungula evumelana nezimo, kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuphatha, futhi enemisebenzi ezinzile nethembekile;
4. Ekwakhiweni, zama ukuhlukanisa ngokwemisebenzi futhi ulwele ukubumbana ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula.
5. Zama ukucabangela ukuzenzela okuzenzakalelayo ekwakhiweni ukuze kuncishiswe umfutho wabasebenzi;
6. Cabangela izinyathelo ezinjengokumunca ukushaqeka, ukunciphisa umsindo, nokuqeda iphunga ukuze kusekelwe amasistimu okuhlanza indle ukuze kuqedwe ukungcoliswa kwesibili kwemvelo.
Izimiso zokukhetha inqubo yemishini yokuhlanza indle yasekhaya ezindaweni ezintsha zasemaphandleni:
Kunokungcola okuningi okuphilayo emanzini asendlini, ane-CODcr ne-BOD5 ephezulu, namanani e-BOD5/CODcr angaphezu kuka-0.4, okubonisa ukusebenza kahle kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo.Kunconywa ukuthatha inqubo esekelwe ku-biochemical yokwelashwa.Ngenxa yobuningi bamanzi angcolile, imishini yokuhlanza indle ehlanganisiwe engcwatshiwe kufanele isetshenziselwe ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo.Ngaphambi kokufaka idivayisi ye-biochemical, zama ukususa ukungcola okuntantayo kanye nezinhlayiyana ezinkulu ezimisiwe emanzini asekhaya ngesikhathi sesigaba sokwelashwa kwangaphambili ngangokunokwenzeka, bese ufaka ithangi elilawula indle ukuze uvimbele imiphumela emibi empompini yokuphakamisa indle.
Amanzi angcolile asekhaya ahlanzwa ku-septic tank.Amanzi angcolile okugeza ahlanganiswa nezinye indle ngemva kokuhlanzwa umqoqi wezinwele bese engena ethangini le-septic.Ngemva kokuphakanyiswa yipompo, igeleza ngegridi bese ingena ethangini elilawula indle ngemva kokukhipha ukungcola okukhulu okumisiwe.Indle ethangini elilawulayo iphakanyiswa yiphampu yokuphakamisa futhi ingena emishini yokuhlanza indle ehlanganisiwe.Indle emshinini iphathwa nge-hydrolysis acidification, i-biological contact oxidation, i-sedimentation nezinye izinqubo, bese ingena esihlungini, Ngemva kokuhlunga nokukhipha amagciwane, ukungcola kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso futhi kukhishwe ukuze kutshalwe.I-sludge yokuxazulula ekhiqizwa ithangi le-sedimentation emishinini ehlanganisiwe ithuthelwa ku-tank ye-sludge emishini ehlanganisiwe ngokukhipha umoya.Udaka luyagxiliswa, luxazululwe, futhi lugaywe ethangini le-sludge, futhi amandla amakhulu abuyiselwa ethangini elilawulayo ukuze ahlanzwe kabusha kanye namanzi angcolile okuqala.Udaka olugxilile luphonswa njalo futhi lukhishwe ngeloli lomquba (cishe kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha).
Ukuhlaziywa kwenqubo yemishini yokuhlanza indle yasekhaya ezindaweni ezintsha zasemaphandleni:
① Igrili
I-grille ilungisiwe futhi yenziwe nge-stainless steel mesh.Misa izendlalelo ezimbili ezimahhadla nezicolekileyo ukuze ususe izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezilengisiwe kanye nokungcola okuntantayo emanzini.
② Ithangi elilawulayo nephampu yokuphakamisa
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphawulekayo kwekhwalithi kanye nenani lendle, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube namandla okwanele okulawula amathangi ukuze kuzinziswe ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nenani elingena emishinini yokuhlanza indle edidiyelwe.
Ithangi elilawulayo lifakwe iphampu yendle engaphansi kwamanzi ukuze iphakamise amanzi angcolile iwayise endaweni ehlanganisiwe yokuhlanza indle.
③ Ithangi le-Hydrolysis acidification
Ithangi le-hydrolysis acidification lifakwe izigcwalisi eziyinhlanganisela.Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-hydrolysis kanye ne-acidification microorganisms kuleli thangi, amanzi angcolile akhishwa nge-hydrolyzed futhi afakwe i-asidi ibe yizinto ezincane ze-molecule ngokungcola kwe-macromolecular organic, okuhambisana nokubola kwebhaktheriya ye-aerobic ku-contact oxidation tank.
④ Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali
Ngokusekelwe kwikhwalithi yendle eshiwo ngenhla, inani, kanye nezidingo zokulahlwa, kuhlanganiswe nezici zendle.Lolu hlelo lwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo luzohlanganisa ithangi le-oxidation, ithange le-sedimentation, ithange le-sludge, igumbi labalandeli, ithangi lokukhipha amagciwane, nezinye izingxenye zibe yinto eyodwa.Ingxenye ngayinye inemisebenzi ehambisanayo futhi ixhumene kwenye, futhi ukungcola kokugcina kuhlangabezana nezinga.Okulandelayo kuchazwe ngokwehlukana:
Gcwalisa ithangi le-oxidation lokuxhumana ngama-filler.Ingxenye engezansi ifakwe i-aerator, futhi uhlelo lokungenisa umoya lwenziwe ngamapayipi epulasitiki yobunjiniyela be-ABS.Umthombo womoya wesistimu yokungenisa umoya uhlinzekwa yisiphepho esilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile.
Ingxenye engenhla yethangi le-sedimentation ifakwe i-weir yokuphuma eguquguqukayo yokulawula izinga lamanzi okukhipha;Ingxenye engezansi ifakwe indawo ye-conical sedimentation kanye nedivaysi yokuphakamisa umoya we-sludge, nomthombo womoya onikezwe ifeni.I-sludge ithuthelwa ethangini le-sludge ngokusebenzisa i-air lift.Isikhathi sokugcinwa kodaka ethangini le-sludge cishe izinsuku ezingama-60.I-sludge ekhiqizwa yi-sedimentation yesistimu ikhishwa ethangini le-sludge ngokuphakanyiswa komoya, lapho udaka lugxila khona, luxazululwe futhi lugcinwe.Amapayipi okungenisa umoya abekwe phansi ethangini ukuvimbela udaka lokugaywa kwe-anaerobic ekukhiqizeni i-biogas, kanye nokwenza i-oxidize udaka ukuze kwehliswe inani eliphelele lodaka;Udaka olugxilile luphonswa njalo futhi luthuthwe ngamaloli omquba.Ingxenye engenhla yethangi le-sludge ifakwe i-supernatant reflux device ukuze ichithe amandla angaphezu kwamandla ethangi le-acid hydrolysis.
⑤ Ukubulala amagciwane: Ngaphambi kokukhishwa kokugcina, bulala amagciwane nge-chlorine dioxide.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-15-2023