Isixhobo esitsha sokucocwa koGutyulo lwaMakhaya eLindle
Iimpawu zelindle ezisemaphandleni ziquka amanzi okupheka ekhitshini, ukuhlamba, amanzi okuhlamba, kunye namanzi okugungxula kwindlu yangasese.Le mithombo yamanzi isasazekile kwaye akukho zixhobo zokuqokelela ezilalini.Ngokukhukuliseka kwamanzi emvula, aqukuqela kwindawo enamanzi angaphezulu, amanzi omhlaba, namanzi aphantsi komhlaba anjengemilambo, amachibi, imisele, amachibi namadama.Umxholo ophakamileyo wezinto eziphilayo luphawu oluphambili.
Funa ukuba zonke izibonakaliso zogutyulo emva kokunyangwa zidibana "neMigangatho yokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka eBanzi" GB8978-1996;Imigangatho yenqanaba lokuqala le.Emva kokuba isixhobo sisetyenzisiwe, sinokunciphisa ukukhutshelwa kwamanzi amdaka, sinciphise ngokufanelekileyo ukungcoliseka kwendalo, kwaye sisebenzise ngokupheleleyo imithombo yamanzi ukufezekisa ukukhutshwa kwe-zero.
Imithetho-siseko yoyilo lwezixhobo ezitsha zokucocwa kogutyulo lwasekhaya lwasemaphandleni:
1. Ukusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo esisiseko yesizwe ekukhuselweni kokusingqongileyo, nokuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yesizwe neyengingqi, imimiselo, izithethe, kunye nemigangatho;
2. Kwimeko yokuba amanzi amdaka ahlangabezana neemfuno zokucoca, kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokonga utyalo-mali kwaye kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo zentlalo, ezoqoqosho, kunye nezokusingqongileyo kwiiprojekthi zokucoca ilindle;
3. Khetha inkqubo yokucubungula eguquguqukayo, kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokulawula, kwaye inemisebenzi ezinzileyo nethembekileyo;
4. Kuyilo, zama ukwahlula ngokwemisebenzi kwaye uzame ukubumbana ngelixa uqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
5. Zama ukuqwalasela i-automation yokusebenza kuyilo lokunciphisa ubuninzi bomsebenzi wabaqhubi;
6. Qwalasela imilinganiselo efana nokufunxa ukothuka, ukuncipha kwengxolo, kunye nevumba elibi ukuxhasa iinkqubo zokucoca ugutyulo lwelindle ukuphelisa ungcoliseko lwesibini lokusingqongileyo.
Imigaqo yokukhetha inkqubo yezixhobo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka asekhaya kwiindawo ezintsha zasemaphandleni:
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezingcolileyo kwi-lindle yasekhaya, kunye ne-CODcr ephezulu kunye ne-BOD5, kunye ne-BOD5 / CODcr ixabiso elikhulu kune-0.4, ebonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-biochemical.Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthathwe inkqubo esekelwe kwi-biochemical yonyango.Ngenxa yobuninzi bamanzi amdaka, izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zokucocwa kogutyulo kufuneka zisetyenziswe kunyango lwe-biochemical.Ngaphambi kokungena kwisixhobo se-biochemical, zama ukususa ukungcola okujikelezayo kunye nenkulu enkulu enqunyanyiswe ukungcola kumdaka wasekhaya ngexesha lenqanaba lokunyanga kwangaphambili kangangoko kunokwenzeka, uze ufake itanki yokulawula ugutyulo ukuze uthintele iziphumo ezibi kumpompo wokuphakamisa ugutyulo.
Amanzi amdaka asekhaya aphathwa kwi-septic tank.Amanzi amdaka okuhlambela axutywa namanye amdaka emva kokuba ecocwe ngumqokeleli weenwele aze ke angene kwitanki leseptic.Emva kokuphakanyiswa yimpompo, igeleza kwigridi kwaye ingene kwitanki yokulawula ukungcola emva kokususa ukungcola okukhulu okumisiwe.Ukungcola kwitanki elawulayo kuphakanyiswa yimpompo yokuphakamisa kwaye ingene kwisixhobo sokucoca ukungcola okudibeneyo.Amanzi amdaka kwisixhobo aphathwa nge-hydrolysis acidification, i-biological contact oxidation, i-sedimentation kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kwaye emva koko ingena kwisihluzo, Emva kokuhluzwa kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane, ukungcola kuyahlangabezana nemigangatho kwaye kukhutshwe ukuze kuhlaza.I-sludge yokumisa eyenziwa yitanki ye-sedimentation kwisixhobo esidibeneyo sithuthelwa kwi-tank ye-sludge kwisixhobo esidibeneyo ngokukhupha umoya.I-sludge igxininiswe, ihlaliswe, kwaye igaywe kwitanki ye-sludge, kwaye i-supernatant ibuyiselwa kwitanki elawulayo ukuze iphinde iphathwe kunye namanzi amdaka okuqala.I-sludge egxininisiweyo impontshwa rhoqo kwaye ikhutshwe ngelori yomgquba (malunga kanye kwiinyanga ezintandathu).
Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yezixhobo zokucoca ugutyulo lwasekhaya kwiindawo ezintsha zasemaphandleni:
① Igrile
I-grille igxininiswe kwaye yenziwe nge-mesh yensimbi engenasici.Misa iileya ezimbini ezirhabaxa nezicolekileyo ukususa amasuntswana amakhulu axhonyiweyo kunye nokungcola okudada emanzini.
② Ukulawula itanki kunye nempompo yokuphakamisa
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka okubalulekileyo kumgangatho kunye nobungakanani bamanzi amdaka, kuyafuneka ukuba kubekho umthamo owaneleyo wetanki olawulayo ukuze kuzinziswe umgangatho wamanzi kunye nobungakanani bokungena kwizixhobo ezidibeneyo zokucoca ilindle.
Itanki elawulayo ixhotyiswe ngempompo yogutyulo lwamanzi angaphantsi kwamanzi ukuphakamisa amanzi amdaka ukuya kwisixhobo sokucoca ugutyulo oludibeneyo.
③ Itanki ye-Hydrolysis acidification
Itanki ye-hydrolysis acidification ixhotyiswe ngeefayili ezidibeneyo.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-hydrolysis kunye ne-acidification microorganisms kule tank, amanzi amdaka ahlanjululwa nge-hydrolyzed kwaye afakwe kwi-acidified kwi-molecule encinci ngokungcola kwe-macromolecular organic, ehambelana nokubola kwebhaktheriya ye-aerobic kwitanki ye-oxidation yoqhagamshelwano.
④ Unyango lwe-Biochemical
Ngokusekwe kumgangatho okhankanywe ngasentla wamanzi amdaka, ubungakanani, kunye neemfuno zokukhutshwa, ezidityaniswe neempawu zogutyulo.Le nkqubo ye-biochemical iya kudibanisa itanki ye-oxidation yoqhagamshelwano, itanki ye-sedimentation, itanki ye-sludge, igumbi lefeni, itanki yokukhupha iintsholongwane, kunye nezinye iindawo zibe nye.Ilungu ngalinye linemisebenzi ehambelanayo kwaye liqhagamshelwe kwelinye, kwaye amanzi amdaka okugqibela adibana nomgangatho.Oku kulandelayo kucaciswe ngokwahlukeneyo:
Gcwalisa itanki ye-oxidation yoqhagamshelwano ngezihluzi.Inxalenye engezantsi ixhotyiswe nge-aerator, kwaye inkqubo yokungenisa umoya yenziwe nge-ABS yobunjineli bemibhobho yeplastiki.Umthombo womoya wenkqubo ye-aeration unikezelwa ngumlandeli olungiselelwe ngokukodwa.
Inxalenye ephezulu yetanki ye-sedimentation ixhotyiswe nge-weir yokuphuma ehlengahlengiswayo yokulawula umgangatho wamanzi wokuphuma;Inxalenye engezantsi ixhotyiswe nge-conical sedimentation zone kunye nesixhobo sokuphakamisa umoya we-sludge, kunye nomthombo womoya obonelelwa ngumlandeli.I-sludge ithuthelwa kwitanki ye-sludge ngokuphakanyiswa komoya.Ixesha lokugcinwa kwe-sludge kwi-tank ye-sludge malunga neentsuku ze-60.I-sludge eyenziwa yi-sedimentation yenkqubo ikhutshwe kwi-tank ye-sludge ngokuphakanyiswa komoya, apho i-sludge igxininiswe, ihlaliswe kwaye igcinwe.Imibhobho yokungenisa umoya ibekwe emazantsi etanki ukuthintela ukugaywa kwe-sludge anaerobic ekuveliseni i-biogas, kunye ne-oxidize i-sludge ukunciphisa inani elipheleleyo le-sludge;Udaka olugxininisiweyo lumpontshwa rhoqo kwaye luthuthwe ngeelori zomgquba.Inxalenye ephezulu yetanki ye-sludge ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo se-reflux esiphezulu sokuphuphuma kwi-supernatant kwi-acid hydrolysis tank.
⑤ Ukubulala iintsholongwane: Ngaphambi kokukhutshwa kokugqibela, bulala iintsholongwane nge-chlorine dioxide.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-15-2023