Umwanda w’ibitaro bivuga imyanda iterwa n’ibitaro birimo indwara ziterwa na virusi, ibyuma biremereye, imiti yica udukoko, imiti yangiza umubiri, acide, alkalis, na radioactivite.Ifite ibiranga umwanda ahantu, kwandura gukabije, no kwandura rwihishwa.Hatabayeho kuvurwa neza, birashobora guhinduka inzira yingenzi yo gukwirakwiza indwara no kwanduza ibidukikije cyane.Kubwibyo, kubaka gutunganya imyandaigihingwamu bitaro byabaye urufunguzo rwo gukemura iki kibazo.
1.Gukusanya imyanda y'ibitaro no kwitegura
Uyu mushinga ufata imiyoboro yo mu ngo n’amazi y’imvura atemba, ibyo bikaba bihuye na gahunda yo kuvoma imijyi.Umwanda w’ubuvuzi n’imyanda yo mu rugo mu bitaro byegeranijwe binyuze mu muyoboro w’amazi, byateguwe n’ibikoresho byo gutunganya imyanda yatatanye (tanki ya septique, itandukanya amavuta, hamwe na tanki ya septique hamwe n’ikigega cyabanjirije kwanduza indwara zanduza). agace k'ibitaro, hanyuma asohorwa kuri sitasiyo itunganya imyanda mu bitaro kugira ngo avurwe.Nyuma yo kuzuza igipimo cy’isohoka ry’amazi y’imyanda ihumanya y’ibigo by’ubuvuzi, bajugunywa mu ruganda rutunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi binyuze mu muyoboro w’imyanda yo mu mujyi.
Igice nyamukuru cyo gutunganya ibisobanuro byagutunganya imyandaigihingwa
Iriba rya gride rifite ibice bibiri bya gride na gride nziza, bifite intera ya mm 30 hagati ya gride nini na mm 10 hagati ya gride nziza.Fata ibice binini by'ibintu byahagaritswe hamwe nibintu byoroshye byegeranijwe neza (nk'ibipapuro, impapuro, cyangwa ibisigazwa by'ibiribwa) kugirango urinde pompe y'amazi hamwe nibindi bikoresho bitunganyirizwa.Iyo ushyize, urusyo rugomba guhindukirira kuri 60 ° kumurongo ugana kumurongo utambitse werekeza icyerekezo cyamazi kugirango byoroherezwe gukuraho ibisigazwa bibujijwe.Kugira ngo hirindwe imiyoboro y’imiyoboro no gukwirakwiza ibintu bibujijwe, igishushanyo kigomba gukomeza umuvuduko w’imyanda mbere na nyuma yo gusya hagati ya 0,6 m / s na 1.0 m / s.Ibintu bibujijwe no gusya bigomba kwanduzwa mugihe cyo kubikuraho bitewe nuko hari virusi nyinshi.
Igenzura rya pisine
we imiterere yo kuvoma ibitaro igena ubwiza butaringaniye bwamazi yinjira ava kuri sitasiyo itunganya imyanda.Kubera iyo mpamvu, hashyizweho ikigega kigenzura kugira ngo habeho ubwiza n’ubwinshi bw’imyanda kandi bigabanye ingaruka ziterwa n’imitwaro ku bice byakurikiyeho.Muri icyo gihe, shiraho impanuka irenga impanuka kuri pisine.Ibikoresho bya Aeration byashyizwe mu kigega kigenzura kugirango hirindwe ubutayu bw’ibice byahagaritswe kandi bitezimbere ibinyabuzima byangiza amazi y’amazi.
Pisine ya Hypoxic aerobic
Ikigega cya Anoxic aerobic ninzira yibanze yo gutunganya imyanda.Akarusho kayo nuko usibye kwangiza imyanda ihumanya, ifite n'umurimo runaka wo gukuraho azote na fosifore.Inzira ya A / O ihuza igice cyimbere cya anaerobic nigice cyinyuma cyindege ikurikiranye, hamwe nigice kitarenze 0.2 mg / L na O igice DO = 2 mg / L-4 mg / L.
Mu cyiciro cya anoxic, bacteri za heterotrophique hydrolyze yahagaritse imyanda ihumanya nka krahisi, fibre, karubone, hamwe n’ibintu byangirika mu mwanda muri acide kama, bigatuma ibinyabuzima bya macromolekula bigenda byangirika mubintu bito bya molekile.Ibinyabuzima bidashobora guhinduka bihindurwamo ibinyabuzima byoroshye.Iyo ibyo bicuruzwa bya anaerobic hydrolysis byinjiye mu kigega cya aerobic kugirango bivurwe mu kirere, ibinyabuzima byangiza imyanda biratera imbere kandi imikorere ya ogisijeni ikanozwa.
Mu gice cya anoxic, bacteri za heterotrophique zihumanya ibyuka bihumanya nka poroteyine n'ibinure (N ku ruhererekane rw'ibinyabuzima cyangwa aside amine muri aside amine) kugira ngo amoniya yubusa (NH3, NH4 +).Mugihe gikwiye cyo gutanga ogisijeni ihagije, nitrifike ya bagiteri ya autotrophique itera NH3-N (NH4 +) kugeza kuri NO3 -, hanyuma igasubira muri pisine A ikoresheje igenzura.Mubihe bidafite ubumara, gutandukanya bacteri za heterotropique bigabanya NO3 - kuri azote ya molekile (N2) kugirango irangize ukwezi kwa C, N, na O mubidukikije no kumenya gutunganya imyanda itagira ingaruka.
Tank Ikigega cyo kwanduza
Akayunguruzo kayunguruzo kinjira mu kigega cyo kwanduza kugira ngo gikomeze igihe runaka cyo guhura hagati y’imyanda n’iyangiza, kugira ngo yanduze yica bagiteri mu mazi.Imyanda isohoka mu miyoboro ya komini.Dukurikije "Ibipimo by’amazi yanduza amazi y’ibigo by’ubuvuzi", igihe cyo guhura n’imyanda iva mu bitaro by’indwara zandura ntigomba kuba munsi y’amasaha 1.5, kandi igihe cyo guhura n’imyanda iva mu bitaro byuzuye ntigomba kuba munsi y’isaha 1.0.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-28-2023