Najasar asibiti tana nufin najasar da asibitoci ke samarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta, karafa masu nauyi, masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, abubuwan kaushi, acid, alkalis, da aikin rediyo.Yana da halaye na gurɓataccen sarari, kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, da kamuwa da cuta mai ɓoye.Idan ba tare da ingantaccen magani ba, zai iya zama hanya mai mahimmanci don yaduwar cututtuka kuma yana lalata muhalli sosai.Saboda haka, gina na maganin najasashukaa asibitoci ya zama mabuɗin magance wannan matsala.
1.Tattara ruwan najasa na asibiti da gyaran fuska
Aikin ya dauki tsarin najasa a cikin gida da na bututun ruwan sama, wanda ya yi daidai da tsarin magudanar ruwa a birane.Ana tattara ruwan najasa na likita da najasar gida a cikin yankin asibiti ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar bututun magudanar ruwa, na'urorin kula da najasa da aka binne da su (tankin septic, mai raba mai, da tankin mai da ruwa da kuma tankin da aka keɓe don magudanar magudanar cututtuka) a cikin yankin asibiti, sannan aka sallame shi zuwa tashar kula da najasa da ke yankin asibitin domin yi masa magani.Bayan sun cika ka'idojin fitar da gurbataccen ruwa na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, ana fitar da su zuwa cibiyar kula da najasa ta birni ta hanyar sadarwar bututun najasa.
Babban bayanin sashin sarrafawa namaganin najasashuka
① Rijiyar grid tana sanye take da nau'i biyu na grid masu laushi da masu kyau, tare da rata na 30 mm tsakanin grid mai laushi da 10 mm tsakanin grids masu kyau.Tsallake manyan barbashi na al'amuran da aka dakatar da sutturar abubuwa masu laushi (kamar tarkacen takarda, tsumma, ko ragowar abinci) don kare famfun ruwa da sassan sarrafawa na gaba.Lokacin sanyawa, yakamata a karkatar da grating a kusurwar 60 ° zuwa layin kwance na jagorar kwararar ruwa don sauƙaƙe kawar da ragowar da aka toshe.Don hana lalata bututun bututu da tarwatsa abubuwan da aka toshe, zane ya kamata ya kula da yawan ruwan najasa kafin da bayan grating tsakanin 0.6 m/s da 1.0 m/s.Abubuwan da aka toshe ta hanyar grating ya kamata a lalata su yayin cirewa saboda kasancewar adadin ƙwayoyin cuta.
② Gudanar da tafkin
yanayin magudanar ruwa na asibiti yana ƙayyade rashin daidaiton ingancin ruwan da ke shigowa daga tashar kula da najasa.Saboda haka, an kafa tanki mai daidaitawa don daidaita inganci da adadin najasa da kuma rage tasirin tasirin tasiri akan sassan jiyya na gaba.A lokaci guda, saita bututun da ya wuce hatsari zuwa tafkin haɗari.An shigar da kayan aikin iska a cikin tanki mai daidaitawa don hana ɓarnawar ɓangarorin da aka dakatar da inganta haɓakar haɓakar ruwa na ruwa.
③ Tafkin motsa jiki na Hypoxic
Anoxic aerobic tanki shine ainihin tsarin kula da najasa.Fa'idarsa ita ce, baya ga gurɓata gurɓataccen yanayi, yana kuma da wani aiki na cire nitrogen da phosphorus.Tsarin A/O yana haɗa sashin anaerobic na gaba da sashin aerobic na baya a cikin jerin, tare da sashin A ba ya wuce 0.2 mg/L da O sashe DO=2 mg/L-4 mg/L.
A cikin mataki na anoxic, kwayoyin heterotrophic suna hydrolyze da aka dakatar da gurɓata kamar su sitaci, fibers, carbohydrates, da kwayoyin halitta mai narkewa a cikin najasa a cikin kwayoyin acid, yana haifar da kwayoyin halitta na macromolecular zuwa ƙananan kwayoyin halitta.Kwayoyin halitta marasa narkewa ana juyar da su zuwa kwayoyin halitta mai narkewa.Lokacin da waɗannan samfurori na anaerobic hydrolysis suka shiga cikin tanki na aerobic don maganin aerobic, ana inganta haɓakar ruwa na najasa kuma an inganta ingantaccen iskar oxygen.
A cikin sashin anoxic, kwayoyin heterotrophic suna ammoniya masu gurɓatawa kamar furotin da mai (N akan sarkar kwayoyin halitta ko amino acid a cikin amino acid) zuwa ammonia kyauta (NH3, NH4+).A ƙarƙashin isassun yanayin samar da iskar oxygen, nitrification na ƙwayoyin cuta na autotrophic oxidizes NH3-N (NH4+) zuwa NO3 -, kuma ya koma tafkin A ta hanyar sarrafa reflux.A karkashin yanayin anoxic, denitrification na heterotrophic kwayoyin rage NO3 - zuwa kwayoyin nitrogen (N2) don kammala sake zagayowar na C, N, da kuma O a cikin ilmin halitta da gane m najasa magani.
④ Tankin disinfection
Ruwan tacewa yana shiga cikin tankin tuntuɓar najasa don kiyaye takamaiman lokacin hulɗa tsakanin najasa da najasa, tabbatar da cewa maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwa yadda ya kamata.Ana fitar da magudanar ruwa a cikin hanyar sadarwar bututun birni.Dangane da "Ka'idodin zubar da gurɓataccen ruwa don cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya", lokacin hulɗar najasa daga asibitocin cututtuka bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da sa'o'i 1.5 ba, kuma lokacin hulɗar najasa daga manyan asibitoci bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da awanni 1.0 ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-28-2023